Bones and Muscles

Remember:

• Our body consists of several body parts called organs.
• Each organ has a job to do .
• All organs together form a system.Eg the organs which digest food form the digestive system.

Main systems of our body and its functions are-

The skeletal system

• All the bones in your body form a framework called the skeleton
• There are 206 bones in your body.
• When you were small you had more bones but as you grow the bones join together and get longer.
• In the outside of the bone it is hard but inside it is a jelly-like material called bone marrow.
• The skull protects the brain from damage. It consists of holes for your eyes,nose,ears and mouth.
• It is made of 22 bones.8 bones is the skull and 14 bones are the face.The jawbone is the only moving bone in the skull.
• The backbone is made up of small bones called vertebrae.
• The ribs are the bones which protect the heart. The two pairs of ribs which are not attached are called the floating ribs.
• The hipbone is made of three bones joined together.
• The bones of the lower limbs are attached to the hipbone.The upper part has a long bone called femur or the thigh bone.
• The lower part has the shin bone or the calf bone.
• The upper arms are attached to the shoulder blades.
• The upper arm has a long bone called the humerus.

Joints

• Joints are the places where two bones are joined.
• The bones are held by strong stretchy bands called ligaments.
• The hinge joint is a joint present in the knee and elbow.
• The ball and socket joint is present in the shoulder.
• The pivot joint is present in the neck.
• The gliding joint is present in the ankle and wrist.

Muscles

• Muscles are attached to the bone to help move.
• They are attached to the bones by tough tissues called tendons.
• There are atleast two muscles needed to move one bone because muscles can only pull not push.

Key points

• Biceps
• Triceps
• Voluntary Muscles
• Involuntary Muscles
• Cardiac Muscles